Training Needs Identification (TNI) 

It involves identifying the specific skills and knowledge gaps that exist within the workforce, to develop targeted training interventions. This process helps to ensure that employees have the necessary capabilities to perform their jobs effectively. By conducting thorough assessments and evaluations, organizations can pinpoint areas where additional training is required.

Training Need Analysis (TNA)

By conducting a thorough assessment, the specific training requirements of employees can be determined, leading to targeted development programs. This analysis considers various factors such as the current competencies of the employees, industry trends, emerging technologies, and the organization's goals. It helps identify areas where additional training or upskilling is necessary to enhance productivity, efficiency, and performance.

Concern Validation Study (CVS)

A validation study is a crucial step in research to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the findings. It involves thoroughly examining the methods, procedures, and measurements used in the study. The purpose is to determine whether the results obtained are consistent and valid.